Product Name: Pyridinium Perbromide
Chemical Formula: C5H5NBr3
Synonyms: Pyridinium tribromide, Pyridinium perbromide, Pyridinium (hydrogen tribromide)
CAS Number: 39416-48-3
Manufacturer/Supplier: Laboratory chemical suppliers, specialty reagent manufacturers
Recommended Use: Chemical reagent for laboratory use, halogenation agent, organic synthesis
Restrictions on Use: Not for drug, food, household or cosmetic purposes
Emergency Contact: Local regulatory agency or specialized hazardous materials response team
Classification: Oxidizing solid, Acute toxicity (oral and inhalation), Skin and eye irritant
GHS Label Elements: Pictograms for oxidizer, acute toxicity, corrosive
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May cause severe skin burns and eye damage, toxic if swallowed, may intensify fire (oxidizer), toxic if inhaled
Precautionary Statements: Wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing, avoid breathing dust or fumes, keep away from heat or open flames, use only with adequate ventilation
Other Hazards: Can release toxic bromine vapors on contact with moisture, reacts violently with organic materials
Chemical Name: Pyridinium Perbromide
Common Name: Pyridinium Tribromide
CAS Number: 39416-48-3
Concentration: 100% (pure solid material used in laboratory applications)
Impurities or Stabilizers: None expected in analytical or reagent grade material
Eye Contact: Promptly flush with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses, continue rinsing, seek immediate medical advice
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and irrigate skin with copious water for a minimum of 15 minutes, seek medical attention if irritation develops
Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air, assist breathing if necessary, contact emergency services
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, give water if victim is conscious, seek urgent medical treatment
Most Important Symptoms: Severe irritation, burns, pain, coughing, respiratory difficulties
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, or dry chemical; avoid carbon dioxide due to possible reaction
Unsuitable Media: Carbon dioxide and halon-based extinguishers may accelerate decomposition
Fire Hazards: Strong oxidizer, can intensify combustion, releases toxic bromine gas and hydrogen bromide in fire
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective gear impervious to gases
Special Procedures: Cool containers with water spray, evacuate area, avoid inhalation of combustion products
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel, ventilate area, don chemical splash goggles, nitrile gloves, and laboratory coat
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, soil, drains due to toxicity to aquatic life
Methods for Containment: Avoid raising dust, cover spill with inert absorbent (vermiculite, dry sand), scoop and transfer into labeled waste containers
Decontamination: Wash spill site with sodium thiosulfate solution to neutralize residues, ventilate, and wash down area
Precautions for Safe Handling: Handle only in fume hood, avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, prevent static discharge, keep container tightly closed
Hygiene Measures: Wash thoroughly after handling, do not eat, drink, or smoke near chemical
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location separate from heat, incompatible materials, organic substances, and reducing agents
Suitable Packaging: Keep in original container or tightly-sealed amber glass bottle
Occupational Exposure Limits: No established limits for this compound; treat as hazardous based on toxicological profile
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood, local exhaust, safety shower, eyewash station
Personal Protective Equipment: NIOSH-approved respirator if dust or aerosol present, chemical splash goggles, neoprene or nitrile gloves, laboratory coat, closed shoes
Environmental Controls: Prevent spillage, implement containment and clean-up systems for accidental release
Appearance: Reddish brown crystalline solid
Odor: Strong pungent, similar to bromine
Melting Point: Approximately 130°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohols, and acetic acid
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient conditions
Density: Around 2.6–2.8 g/cm³
pH: Acidic aqueous solution
Partition Coefficient: Not determined
Flash Point: Non-flammable, strong oxidizer
Decomposition Temperature: Releases toxic bromine fumes above melting point
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage, decomposes with heat or light
Reactivity: Powerful oxidizer, reacts violently with organic matter, combustible materials, reducing agents
Hazardous Reactions: Contact with moisture liberates corrosive and toxic gases; can cause fire or explosion with suitable fuels
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, bases, organic solvents, finely divided metals, reducing agents
Decomposition Products: Bromine, hydrogen bromide, nitrogen oxides, pyridine derivatives
Acute Toxicity: Oral (rat): LD50 data not explicitly available, high toxicity due to perbromide and pyridine
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Severe irritation, burns, coughing, headache, dizziness, tissue destruction
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Strongly corrosive, can rapidly cause burns
Respiratory Sensitization: Vapors provoke coughing, shortness of breath, pulmonary irritation
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Data lacking for pyridinium perbromide; related bromine compounds show no modern evidence for mutagenicity in humans
Long-term Effects: Prolonged exposure may damage mucous membranes or skin
Ecotoxicity: Extremely hazardous in aquatic and terrestrial environments, concentrated releases cause fish and invertebrate mortality
Persistence and Degradability: Hydrolyzes and degrades to bromide and pyridine, not persistent in well-aerated surface waters
Bioaccumulation: Bioaccumulative potential low due to high reactivity and decomposition
Mobility in Soil: High mobility, converts to bromide and organic fragments upon contact with moisture
Other Adverse Effects: Toxic to algae, disrupts local microbial communities when improperly released
Waste Disposal Methods: Treat with sodium thiosulfate or sodium sulfite to neutralize oxidizing power, dispose of as hazardous chemical waste through permitted handler
Packaging Disposal: Triple rinse emptied containers, puncture and dispose in accordance with local hazardous waste regulations
Precautions: Do not release to environment or sewer, avoid disposal with combustible or organic materials
Regulatory Codes: Follow all applicable local, national regulations regarding toxic and oxidizing substances
UN Number: UN 1479 (OXIDIZING SOLID, N.O.S., containing pyridinium perbromide)
Class: 5.1 (Oxidizer)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Proper Shipping Name: Oxidizing solid, n.o.s. (contains pyridinium perbromide)
Label Requirements: Oxidizer, Toxic
Transport Precautions: Keep container upright, tightly sealed, away from organic materials and sources of ignition, provide documentation of hazards
Special Transport Notes: Emergency response guide available in transit, professional chemical handlers only
OSHA: Not specifically listed, refer to standards for hazardous and oxidizing chemicals
SARA: SARA Title III Section 313 possible reporting required under “toxic chemical” provisions for bromine compounds
TSCA: Listed in the Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
REACH: Subject to REACH restrictions within the European Union as a laboratory and industrial intermediate
WHMIS: Classified as hazardous oxidizing material and toxin
Other National Regulations: Local chemical safety and environmental protection agencies may set additional controls
