Product Name: Bromine Water
Chemical Formula: Br2 in H2O
Common Synonyms: Aqueous Bromine Solution
Manufacturers: Chemical supply companies, laboratory distributors
Recommended Use: Oxidizing reagent for chemical analysis, disinfection, laboratory research
Contact Information: Refer to supplier-specific details for emergency response services and technical support
Classification: Acute toxicity, oral; Skin corrosion/irritation; Eye damage/irritation
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage, harmful if swallowed or inhaled, can trigger respiratory irritation
Pictograms: Corrosion, exclamation mark, health hazard
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, wash hands thoroughly after handling, use eye protection, wear chemical-resistant gloves and face shield
Ingredient: Bromine
Concentration: 1–5% in water (approximate, concentrations vary by supplier)
CAS Number (Bromine): 7726-95-6
CAS Number (Water): 7732-18-5
Impurities: Typically none reported, but formulation details available upon request from supplier
Mixture Details: Dilute solution of elemental bromine, dissolved in deionized water
Inhalation: Move outside to fresh air at once, keep airway open, seek immediate medical attention for breathing discomfort, irritation, or signs of respiratory damage
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water, continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes, seek medical help for persistent pain or blistering
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently but thoroughly with running water for at least 20 minutes, keep eyelids open, seek urgent care from ophthalmology
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, give water only if person is conscious, contact poison control center, seek transport to healthcare facility
General Advice: Use emergency shower and eyewash stations, provide rescuers with proper PPE, document exposure details for healthcare staff
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide—avoid using water jets directly on liquid bromine
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Strong water jets can cause spread of corrosive liquid, avoid foam
Specific Hazards: During fire, hazardous vapors such as hydrogen bromide, bromine gas, and other corrosive fumes may form
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective suit, chemical-resistant boots and gloves
Other Instructions: Evacuate area, control runoff to prevent environmental contamination, cool containers exposed to fire from a safe distance, keep ventilation active if indoors
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, ventilate area, use respiratory protection, wear splash-proof goggles and chemical-resistant gloves
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering drains, waterways, or soil, alert local authorities for sizable spills, contain liquid with non-combustible absorbents
Cleanup Methods: Absorb using vermiculite, dry sand, or earth, scoop up residue for disposal in containers suitable for hazardous waste, wash spill site after material has been fully removed
Disposal of Contamination: Place residue, tools, and protective clothing in sealed, labeled, chemical waste containers for authorized disposal
Safe Handling: Work in fume hood, avoid inhaling vapors and splashes to skin or eyes, replace damaged containers promptly, avoid any open flames or sources of ignition around storage
Storage Requirements: Store in cool, well-ventilated area, use containers made from glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), keep away from light, incompatible materials such as organic compounds, reducing agents, and metals, ensure lids are sealed tightly
Technical Precautions: Keep spill kits and first aid supplies nearby, provide safety shower and eyewash station in storage and handling area, keep access restricted to trained personnel
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood, ensure supply and exhaust ventilation meets laboratory safety codes, install gas detection monitors if feasible
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV: 0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m3) for bromine; OSHA PEL: 0.1 ppm ceiling
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved full-face respirators equipped with gas/vapor cartridges if exposure may exceed safe limits
Skin Protection: Wear full-coverage lab coat or chemical apron, chemical-resistant gloves made of butyl rubber, nitrile, or neoprene
Eye / Face Protection: Use chemical splash goggles and a face shield for all open handling or transferring procedures
Additional Protection: Remove contaminated clothing immediately, keep PPE in clean, dry storage, perform risk assessment of each new procedure
Appearance: Reddish-brown liquid solution
Odor: Sharp, suffocating odor often likened to chlorine
pH: Strongly acidic, typically below 2
Melting Point: Not available for solution; bromine itself: -7°C
Boiling Point: Water boils at 100°C, bromine at 59°C (solution boils near water properties)
Solubility: Fully miscible in water, forms an unstable mixture
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature, increases sharply with concentration
Density: Variable, but usually above 1 g/cm3
Partition Coefficient: Not established
Other Properties: Solution releases bromine vapors readily, can stain skin and surfaces yellow-brown
Chemical Stability: Decomposes over time, especially under sunlight or in the presence of organic matter
Reactivity: Violently reacts with reducing agents, ammonia, organic materials, metals, strong alkalis
Hazardous Reactions: Can release toxic fumes upon contact with strong acids, alkalis, and combustible materials
Decomposition Products: Releases bromine vapor, hydrogen bromide gas
Storage Stability: Keep in tightly closed bottles out of light, check periodically for color change or loss of potency
Acute Exposure: Highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion, or skin exposure; can cause inflammation of respiratory tract, burning of the mouth, throat, and lungs, headache, dizziness, nausea
Skin Contact: Severe irritation, burns, ulceration, delayed blistering may follow direct exposure
Eye Contact: Pain, tearing, burns, severe long-term eye damage
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause eczema, respiratory sensitization, chronic bronchitis
LD50 / LC50: LD50 (oral, rat) 214 mg/kg (for bromine)
Other Effects: May aggravate pre-existing skin or respiratory conditions, toxicological impact increases with concentration and duration of exposure
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, even at very low concentrations, can cause long-term damage to aquatic environments
Persistence and Degradability: Does not persist under sunlight; breaks down to bromide ions, but reactive components may persist for short periods
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low for bromine itself, but environmental releases may form persistent contaminants when reacting with organic matter
Mobility in Soil: Mobile in aquatic and wet soil environments, can contaminate groundwater
Additional Ecological Notes: Never dispose of in drains or surface water, adhere to waste treatment protocols and keep environmental agencies informed of significant releases
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect waste solution in marked, sealed chemical waste containers, neutralize with reducing agents like sodium thiosulfate under supervision if required, never mix with combustible waste
Disposal Procedures: Dispose of through licensed hazardous waste contractor, follow local and national environmental agency protocols
Container Disposal: Rinse and triple-contain empty containers, puncture out of use and dispose as hazardous waste
Additional Advice: Maintain documentation of quantities and disposal methods, educate workers on waste minimization and separation for regulatory compliance
UN Number: 1744 (Bromine Solution)
UN Proper Shipping Name: Bromine Solution
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic)
Packing Group: I (highest danger classification)
Labels Required: Corrosive, Toxic
Special Precautions: Vehicle operators should be suitably trained on spill containment and personal protection, use secure containers, alert fire and rescue services for bulk transport
Environmental Hazards: Regarded as a marine pollutant, notify authorities about spills during transit
OSHA Classification: Regulated hazardous chemical, full compliance with 29 CFR 1910.1200 required
EPA Regulations: Listed under the Clean Water Act as a hazardous substance, EPCRA reporting thresholds apply
EU Regulations: REACH registration for bromine, labeled under CLP; requires safety and risk mitigation measures
Other International Standards: Covered by transport safety rules (IMDG, IATA, ADR), workplace labeling harmonized under GHS (Globally Harmonized System)
Workplace Regulation: Safety training, workplace exposure monitoring, supply of certified PPE and clear labeling as standard procedure
Recordkeeping: Document inventory, exposures, disposal, and incidents as required by regulatory agencies
