Product Name: Bromine
Chemical Formula: Br2
CAS Number: 7726-95-6
Synonyms: Dibromine, elemental bromine
Recommended Use: Chemical manufacturing, water treatment, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals
Supplier: Industrial chemical suppliers, laboratory suppliers
Emergency Contact: Local emergency services, regional poison control center
Classification: Acute Toxicity (Inhalation, Dermal), Corrosive to skin, Serious Eye Damage, Environmental Hazard
Hazard Statements: Toxic if inhaled, causes severe skin burns, causes serious eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation, very toxic to aquatic organisms
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Corrosive, Skull and Crossbones, Environment
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, wear protective equipment, avoid release to environment, wash hands thoroughly after handling
Chemical Name: Bromine
Concentration: > 99%
Impurities: Trace organic matter usually below detectable limits
Molecular Weight: 159.808 g/mol
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, seek medical help right away
Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical attention for any sign of irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing, get medical attention without delay
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, get immediate medical advice
General Advice: Provide medical responders with the chemical details, symptoms may appear delayed, monitor for shortness of breath and respiratory distress
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry sand, dry chemical, carbon dioxide for surrounding materials, use water spray to cool containers
Hazardous Combustion Products: Bromine vapors, hydrogen bromide if in contact with combustibles
Special Protective Equipment: Full protective gear, self-contained breathing apparatus
Fire/Explosion Hazards: Reacts violently with metals and organic materials, release of toxic gases
Precautions for Firefighters: Approach from upwind, stay aware of containers exposed to heat, prevent runoff to waterways
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate, wear chemical suit and respirator
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains and waterways, alert environmental authorities
Containment: Absorb spills with inert material like vermiculite or earth, use diking to limit spread
Cleanup: Collect material in sealable, corrosion-resistant containers for disposal, ventilate affected area, neutralize trace contamination using sodium thiosulfate or calcium carbonate
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated area, avoid inhalation and skin contact, keep away from incompatible materials like organic matter and alkali metals, inspect containers regularly for corrosion
Storage: Store in tightly closed corrosion-resistant containers away from light and moisture, segregate from flammable and reactive substances, designate bromine-only storage spaces, use secondary containment
Special Provisions: Emergency showers and eyewash stations at-hand, maintain spill kits nearby, restrict access to trained personnel
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 0.1 ppm, ACGIH TLV: 0.1 ppm (inhalable fraction)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, fume hoods, and closed systems
Respiratory Protection: Full-face positive pressure air-purifying respirator, self-contained breathing apparatus for high concentrations
Skin Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (butyl rubber, neoprene), full impervious clothing
Eye/Face Protection: Chemical splash goggles, face shield
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling, remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse
Appearance: Red-brown liquid with a pungent odor
Odor: Strong, suffocating smell
Melting Point: -7.2°C
Boiling Point: 58.8°C
Density: 3.12 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, readily soluble in organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: 214 mmHg at 25°C
pH: Not applicable (substance is not aqueous)
Other: Volatile, highly corrosive
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Vigorous reaction with amines, alkali metals, phosphorus, organic matter
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sunlight, incompatible materials, moisture
Incompatible Materials: Alkalis, metals, organic compounds, strong reducing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen bromide, bromine vapors, other corrosive or toxic gases
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Severe respiratory tract irritation, cough, chest pain, skin burns, potential pulmonary edema, eye damage
Chronic Effects: Chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, delayed lung injury, sensitivity to further exposure
Toxicity Data: LC50 (Inhalation): 1000 ppm (rat, 1 hour), LD50 (Dermal): 316 mg/kg (rabbit)
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, ACGIH, or OSHA
Mutagenicity: Some studies indicate possible mutagenic effects on cell cultures
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, fish (LC50: 0.4 mg/L/96h), invertebrates
Persistence and Degradability: Rapidly reacts with organic matter, relatively persistent in water without reactive agents
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low, tends to react or volatilize before bioaccumulation
Mobility in Soil: Migrates quickly, increases risk of groundwater contamination
Other Adverse Effects: Alters water chemistry, negative impact on aquatic microflora
Waste Disposal Methods: Neutralize small amounts with sodium thiosulfate or sodium sulfite under controlled conditions, consult local hazardous waste regulations
Packaging Disposal: Rinse containers with neutralizing solution, puncture and dispose according to national or regional guidelines
Precautions: Do not dispose to the environment, never flush into sewer, contact licensed chemical waste disposal contractor for bulk quantities
UN Number: UN1744
Proper Shipping Name: Bromine
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic)
Packing Group: I (high danger)
Labels Required: Corrosive, Toxic, Environmentally Hazardous
Special Provisions: Transport in corrosion-resistant containers, avoid movement with incompatible substances, containers must bear the correct hazard labels and documents
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant, inform carriers of risk
OSHA Status: Listed as hazardous material, subject to strict controls
TSCA Inventory: Listed
SARA Section 302/304: Extremely hazardous substance, reporting required for threshold quantities
SARA Section 313: Subject to reporting
RCRA Code: U034 (hazardous waste code)
EU Classification: Symbol T+ (Very toxic), C (Corrosive), N (Hazardous to environment)
Other Regulations: Controlled substance in many countries, strict storage, handling, and disposal protocols enforced by local and international agencies
