Product Name: 4,5-Dichloro-2-N-Octyl-3-Isothiazolone
Chemical Formula: C11H17Cl2NOS
CAS Number: 64359-81-5
Synonyms: DCOIT, N-Octylisothiazolinone
Recommended Uses: Industrial biocide, antifouling agent for marine paints
Supplier Details: Manufacturer and distributor information with 24-hour emergency contact
Emergency Phone: Regionally assigned poison control or company-specific hotline
Classification: Acute toxicity - oral (Category 3), Skin corrosion/irritation (Category 1B), Serious eye damage (Category 1), Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute 1, Chronic 1)
Label Elements: Features GHS symbol for health hazard, signal word Danger, hazard statements for fatal ingestion, severe skin/eye burns, and environmental toxicity
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gloves and clothing, avoid release to environment, wash hands thoroughly after handling, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area
Potential Health Effects: Contact can burn skin and eyes; inhalation may trigger respiratory discomfort; ingestion can result in severe toxicosis; long-term exposure creates risk of sensitization or organ damage
Environmental Hazards: Acute and chronic risks to aquatic organisms, persistent and bioaccumulative; regulatory reporting thresholds may apply
Chemical Name: 4,5-Dichloro-2-N-Octyl-3-Isothiazolone
Common Abbreviations: DCOIT
Concentration: 95-100% by weight (pure form); technical grades may contain other isothiazolones or solvents at trace amounts
Impurities: Sometimes formulated with surfactants or stabilizers; minor trace contaminants from synthesis process possible
Inhalation: Move to clear air, seek fresh oxygen, keep victim calm and comfortable, seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash immediately with large quantities of water, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical advice if burning or irritation develops
Eye Contact: Flush with cool water for at least 15 minutes, separating eyelids; seek immediate specialized medical care
Ingestion: Rinse mouth without swallowing, never induce vomiting, give water if conscious, get urgent medical assistance
Symptoms: Burning sensation, cough, shortness of breath, severe irritation, vision changes, gastrointestinal distress
Medical Attention: Prompt medical action required, especially for eyes, ingestion, and if breathing symptoms occur
Suitable Extinguishing Media: For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam; use water spray for cooling containers only
Unsuitable Extinguishing Agents: Direct water jets may spread liquid or contaminate runoff
Hazards from Combustion: Burning releases toxic, corrosive fumes such as hydrogen chloride, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and possibly organic volatiles
Special PPE for Firefighters: Full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus required
Special Procedures: Dike fire water for later disposal, prevent release to environment, use remote methods to fight fire
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ensure adequate ventilation, do not touch or walk through spilled material, wear full chemical-resistant protective gear
Environmental Precautions: Block further spillage, reduce runoff to waterways and drains, notify authorities where regulatory thresholds met
Containment and Clean-up: Absorb with inert material such as sand or earth, place in sealed containers, decontaminate area with soap and water, collect waste for hazardous disposal, ventilate area well
Special Handling for Cleanup: Avoid dust, vapor generation, and skin contact, use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment if needed
Safe Handling: Handle in a chemical fume hood if possible, avoid inhalation and skin contact, never eat or drink near use area, keep container tightly closed between uses
Storage Conditions: Store in original container in a dry, well-ventilated and cool place kept away from direct sunlight, incompatible materials (strong acids, bases, oxidizers), food and drinks
Storage Requirements: Keep secure from children and unauthorized personnel, secondary containment recommended, ensure containers clearly labeled, inspect vessels regularly for leaks
Transfer Precautions: Use pumps or dedicated lines to avoid spillage, ground all equipment and containers, prevent static charge buildup
Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA, NIOSH, or ACGIH limits for DCOIT; use engineering controls, as airborne exposure to dusts, vapors poses hazard
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood, local exhaust, process enclosure
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or PVC), splash-proof goggles or face shield, impermeable coveralls, rubber boots, appropriate respiratory protection if controls inadequate
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse, do not eat, drink, or smoke during use
Workplace Monitoring: Environmental and air monitoring may help prevent overexposure; routine health checks for regular handlers advised
Appearance: Pale yellow or off-white solid or viscous liquid, faint chemical odor
Melting Point: 43-46°C (varies by sample)
Boiling Point: Decomposes at 250°C
Density: 1.22 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 2.8 x 10-4 Pa at 20°C (low volatility)
Solubility: Poorly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents (alcohols, acetone, hydrocarbons)
pH: Not available in standard aqueous solution
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): 5.0 (estimated, highly lipophilic)
Flash Point: >100°C
Decomposition Temperature: Approximately 250°C
Other: Forms stable emulsions in typical antifouling formulations
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal storage, degrades in heat, direct sunlight, or in alkaline conditions
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing/reducing agents, strong acids, or bases, generating toxic gases
Hazardous Reactions: Rapid hydrolysis can produce irritating and toxic derivatives; do not mix with incompatible substances
Decomposition Products: Chlorinated gases, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, organic vapors
Conditions to Avoid: Excess moisture, heat, direct UV exposure, sources of ignition
Acute Toxicity: Ingestion (LD50 rat): 50-300 mg/kg; skin (LD50 rabbit): 200-1000 mg/kg; can kill small animals quickly if ingested
Skin Irritation: Severe dermal corrosive effects, burns, ulceration; may sensitize on repeat exposure
Eye Effects: Permanent eye damage, blindness possible after contact
Respiratory Effects: Cough, sore throat, burning; high doses may damage lung tissue
Chronic Exposure: Potential for allergic dermatitis, long-term organ impact (e.g., liver, kidneys)
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: No human data, animal studies show adverse effects on fetal development at high doses
Symptoms of Overexposure: Headache, nausea, confusion, respiratory distress, burns, allergic reactions
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic life, especially fish and invertebrates (LC50 fish: 0.002-0.006 mg/L over 96h)
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades slowly in water, persists in sediments, photodegradation in sunlight possible
Bioaccumulation: High potential due to lipophilic structure, accumulates in aquatic organisms
Mobility in Soil: Binds to organic matter, some leaching risk in sandy soils but tends to remain local
Other Effects: Not likely to volatilize from water, minimal risk of photolysis in shadowed environments, ecosystem impact long lasting
Recommended Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste, incinerate in permitted chemical incinerator, do not dispose in regular trash or sewer
Container Handling: Triple rinse with compatible solvent, puncture or crush to prevent reuse, label as hazardous
Local Regulations: Comply with national and regional hazardous waste requirements, notify waste treatment authorities
Do Not: Discharge to environment, open water, or agricultural land
UN Number: 2922
Proper Shipping Name: Corrosive liquid, toxic, n.o.s. (contains 4,5-dichloro-2-N-octyl-3-isothiazolone)
Transport Hazard Classes: 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic)
Packing Group: II
Environmental Hazard: Marine pollutant
Labels Required: Corrosive and toxic hazard diamonds
Special Precautions: Secure packaging, avoid rough handling, mark for hazardous marine transport, follow local restrictions for air and truck freight
OSHA: Hazardous chemical under Hazard Communication Standard
TSCA: Listed substance
EU REACH: Registered for certain biocidal and antifouling uses with restrictions
EPA: Used with specific use limitations as an antimicrobial in paints
Other Country Regulations: Varied environmental and occupational exposure limits; restrictions apply to discharge and use in some regions
Labeling Requirements: GHS-compliant, includes hazard statements for health and environment
Community Right-to-Know: Subject to Tier II chemical inventory in the US, listed for aquatic hazard under EU CLP
Worker Safety: Specific training and risk assessments required for handlers, reporting for large warehouse storage
