Product Name: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
CAS Number: 79-00-5
Synonyms: Ethane, 1,1,2-Trichloro-; Vinyl trichloride; sym-Trichloroethane
Recommended Use: Solvent for fats, oils, waxes; in chemical manufacture
Supplier: Industrial chemical distributor or specialized supply vendor
Emergency Contact: Emergency response number listed on supplier label
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal); Eye irritation; Skin irritation; Carcinogenicity; Specific Target Organ Toxicity – single exposure
Hazard Statements: May be harmful if inhaled; Irritates eyes and skin; Suspected of causing cancer
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Symbols: Skull and crossbones, Exclamation mark, Health hazard silhouette
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors or mist; Wear protective gloves and clothing; Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this product; Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
Chemical Name: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Synonym: Ethane, trichloro-; Acetylene trichloride
Purity: >99%
Impurities: May contain traces of 1,2-dichloroethane and other chlorinated hydrocarbons
Inhalation: Remove exposed individual to fresh air immediately; keep at rest; provide oxygen if breathing is difficult; seek medical advice without delay
Skin Contact: Quickly remove contaminated clothing; wash affected skin with soap and plenty of water; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open; remove contact lenses if present; seek immediate medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; seek prompt medical care
Most important symptoms and effects: Respiratory distress, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, skin and eye irritation
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam; water spray for larger fires
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Avoid using a solid water stream, as it may spread the chemical
Hazards from Combustion: Emits toxic gases including hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and carbon oxides in high heat
Protective Equipment and Precautions: Firefighters wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing
Specific Methods: Use water spray to cool exposed containers; remove containers from fire area if safe
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area; ventilate space; use personal protective equipment against chemical splash; avoid inhalation of vapors
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from entering drains, sewers, or waterways
Containment and Clean-up: Contain and collect spillage with inert absorbent material; place in a chemical waste container; provide adequate ventilation; dispose according to disposal guidelines
Handling: Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing; use in a chemical fume hood or well-ventilated space; avoid generation of mist or aerosol; keep containers tightly closed
Storage: Store in cool, well-ventilated place away from heat and sources of ignition; keep container tightly sealed; store away from incompatible materials like strong oxidizers, alkali metals, magnesium, aluminum and strong bases; protect from moisture and direct sunlight; use containers made of compatible materials like stainless steel or glass
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL 10 ppm (50 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV 10 ppm (55 mg/m3) as TWA
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below exposure limits
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, face shield, impervious gloves (nitrile, neoprene), chemical-resistant clothing, appropriate respirator with organic vapor cartridge if ventilation is insufficient
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking, or using toilet; remove soiled clothing and clean before reuse
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Sweet, chloroform-like
Odor Threshold: Around 20 ppm
Boiling Point: 113°C (235°F)
Melting Point: -35°C (-31°F)
Density: 1.44 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 23 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 4.5 (air = 1)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
pH: Not applicable
Partition coefficient (octanol/water): Log Kow 2.1
Flash Point: None (does not flash below boiling point)
Autoignition Temperature: 413°C (775°F)
Explosive Limits: Lower: 4.0% ; Upper: 12.0% (in air)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: May react violently with strong alkalis and alkali metals; decomposes on heating, producing hazardous fumes
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, open flames, sparks, incompatible materials like strong oxidizers and bases
Incompatible Materials: Aluminum, magnesium, strong oxidizing agents, strong bases
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat) 1230 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat, 4h) 1500 ppm
Chronic Effects: Suspected carcinogen (IARC Group 2B); possible damage to liver, kidneys, central nervous system
Corrosivity / Irritation: Causes moderate skin and eye irritation
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, eyes, ingestion
Symptoms: Headache, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, respiratory irritation; possible unconsciousness at high concentrations
Carcinogenicity: Classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC)
Mutagenicity: Results of mutagenic studies variable; potential risk exists
Reproductive Toxicity: Data from animal studies indicate possible reproductive effects with long-term exposure
Acute Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life; LC50 (96h, fish) 55 mg/L; EC50 (48h, daphnia) 30 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradation occurs slowly; substance may persist in soil and groundwater
Bioaccumulation: Potential for bioaccumulation is low to moderate (Log Kow 2.1)
Mobility in Soil: Moderate mobility; leaches into groundwater
Other Adverse Effects: Volatility increases environmental release risk; may contribute to contamination of groundwater and air
Waste Disposal Methods: Incinerate in an approved facility with proper air pollution controls; do not discharge to environment
Container Disposal: Triple rinse containers, puncture or crush, send to hazardous waste landfill or accepted recycling facility
Special Precautions: Follow all local, regional, and national regulations; use authorized chemical waste contractors
Contaminated Packaging: Handle empty containers with care; avoid reuse or release
UN Number: UN 2831
Proper Shipping Name: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Special Precautions for Transport: Keep containers upright and secured; do not transport with incompatible substances
Label Requirements: Toxic, Environmental hazard labels as per regulations
DOT: Regulated as hazardous material in United States; similar regulations apply internationally
US Federal Regulations: Listed on TSCA Inventory; SARA 302 listed; SARA 313 regulated; CERCLA reportable quantity 100 lbs (45.4 kg)
OSHA: Classified as hazardous chemical; all usage subject to hazard communication standards
EPA: Subject to hazardous air pollutant regulations; subject to reporting under CERCLA and EPCRA
International Regulations: Listed under Annex I of the EU Directive 67/548/EEC; subject to REACH registration;
Other Regulatory Lists: Included in IARC, NTP lists relating to carcinogenicity
Worker Protection: Requirements set by OSHA and EPA for minimum personal safety and handling protocols
